![]() ![]() ![]() In some cases, however, certain geometries acting as stress concentrators are built in devices by purpose, e.g., v-shaped cuts in tear-open packages, or are researched to create aligned surface patterns, to grow nanowires, or to fabricate master molds for nanofluidics. For instance, formerly square-shaped airplane windows, which have caused fatal accidents by crack initiation at the corners, crack propagation, and eventually fatigue of the fuselage, are now generally of oval shape. Thus, unnecessary cut-outs or contaminating inclusions are typically to be avoided, as externally applied forces will (re)distribute around the obstacles, reaching potentially critically high stress values at their edges. Stress concentration in materials is a common issue in various load-bearing structures as it is linked to a potential mechanical failure.
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